His illustrations supported the cause he believed was just, and the candidate he thought was best. In Germany, where the Reformation led by the monk Martin Luther banned saint worship, Nicholas was replaced by ChristKindl (Christ Child). But Nast's racial attitudes like those of many other Americans were not without contradictions. In the days before quick and easy photography, periodicals of all stripes employed artists to sketch current events. This side to Nast's work is markedly different from the world of political cartoons that he is most famous for. Nast was the first person to draw Santa Claus as a fat, bearded elf. Du Bois in Paris. Thomas Nast (/nst/; German: [nast]; September 27, 1840 December 7, 1902) was a German-born American caricaturist and editorial cartoonist often considered to be the Father of the American Cartoon. Over the next several years, Nast continued to draw Santa Claus in various cartoons and illustrations for Harpers Weekly. googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('interstitial-ad');}); *Membership cannot be purchased with Gift Cards. A child weeps after receiving a stick as a present, while a little girl lovingly cuddles a miniature of the bishop saint the way she would a doll. Nasts images provide the first known references of Santa Claus having a toy workshop and living at the North Pole. A few years later, in December 1823, Clement Clark Moore, a professor at New Yorks Episcopalian seminary, published a poem intended for his own children called. } Publishing regularly in Harper's. Remy Melina was a staff writer for Live Science from 2010 to 2012. The original works were painted in oil, and then adapted for posters, billboards, and magazines. Our modern image of Santa Claus is directly indebted to Nasts dozens of Christmas illustrations for Harpers Weekly magazine in the 1860s-80s. What is the maximum number of students allowed per class in Georgia. Images of the Anglo-American Santa Claus or Father Christmas has come to dominate the modern Christmas. The depictions are so similar that some Americans think the Coca Cola Company actually invented Santa. In another illustration, Santa is seen with a. Santa goes by several names in different parts of the world and the way he's depicted varies, but in most countries he's shown as a somewhat heavy man in red. "Without Thomas Nast, our vision of Santa Claus might be very different. Even as Saint Nicholas was chased away from the Lutheran Protestant regions, he was welcomed in the Netherlands, despite its Calvinist majority. The British tradition of Father Christmas, a jolly old man who brings gifts to children at Christmas time, also influenced the modern image of Santa Claus. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Created By: Beeghley Tech Innovations | Copyright 2023. The political cartoonist Thomas Nast, who was a Lincoln-loving, abolition-advocating, Union-supporting Republican from New York published his first Santa on Jan. 3, 1861 in Harper's Weekly.. Nasts work gave Santa Claus a life and personality, rather than just using him as a symbol. 'https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js'); Its better known today by its opening lines Twas the Night Before Christmas. What is the history of the image of Santa Claus? AKA Santa Claus. The History and Legend of Santa Claus. (WVUE) Cartoonist Thomas Nast, more than any other single individual, seems responsible for our modern day image of Santa Claus as a fat, bearded elf. s.parentNode.insertBefore(t,s)}(window,document,'script', He is usually depicted wearing ecclesiastical vestments and holding a crozier (bishops staff). For this reason, Santa is still sometimes referred to as Saint Nick. The story of Santa Claus stems from a real man who started out as a monk and became the patron saint of children. How did Ida Tarbell help end the Standard Oil monopoly? In 1931, Coca-Cola decided to broaden its market to children. St. Nicholas's migration to the North Pole is due most directly to Thomas Nast, an American cartoonist who submitted 33 Christmas drawings to Harper's Weekly magazine between 1863 and 1886, one of which featured a village called "Santa Claussville, N.P.". And in December 1884, merrily merging tradition and modern life, Nast depicted Santa speaking on the telephone, the brand new invention of the period! . Nasts caricature of the fleeing political boss led to Tweeds identification and arrest in Vigo, Spain, in 1876. Nasts Santa Claus is based on a number of different sources, including the Dutch legend of Sinterklaas, British and American Christmas traditions, and the Christian bishop Saint Nicholas. published in 1823 in the Troy Sentinental: he was "chubby and plump, a right jolly old elf"; he arrived on a sleigh drawn by flying . Nast arrived back in New York in1861 and in September he married Sarah Edwards. Contains spam, fake content or potential malware, Artists Graphite Pencils, A Beginners Guide, Artists Magazine Reading List Great Art Books of 2022, Valuing Value The Value of Being an Artist, Sip, Paint, Sip | Sketches with Wine, Tea and Coffee. The name Santa Claus has his roots in the informal Dutch name for St. Nicholas, Sinterklaas (an abbreviation of Sint Nikolaas).St. Although they sometimes contained coded political elements, they most often focused on childhood, sentimentality, and the importance of family. Through the years, Sundbloms Christmas Santa ads for Coke incorporated subtle changes, but kept the robust, jolly figure essentially the same. March 14, 1874 In 1875, Louis Prang, the father of the American Christmas card, printed a series of postcards with a Santa Claus in a red costume. Filled to the brim with inviting warmth and vivid detail, its really no wonder that Thomas Nasts Christmas illustrations have been so influential and enduring. Nast would complete Nicholas-Santa Clauss transformation for Harpers Weekly magazine: Between 1862 and 1886, Nast created thirty-three Santa Claus drawings. August 5, 1865 More than a century had passed when the writer Washington Irving published A History of New York in 1809, comically told by the make-believe historian Dietrich Knickerbocker (Washington Irvings pen name). It is believed that Nicholas was born sometime around 280 A.D. in Patara, near Myra in modern-day Turkey. As for France, it adopted the Santa Claus theme by giving him nice big cheeks, a red costume and a sack filled with toys, and officially renaming him, Susan Sontag: How Paris Shaped an American Luminary, Mon Chou Chou, a Taste of France in San Antonio, Im Driven by a Hybrid Culture, from Baldwin to Duras, Giuseppe De Nittis: The Forgotten Impressionist, For American Filmmakers, Godard Is Not Dead, Deconstructing Power: W.E.B. His contributions to other journals became infrequent and, having lost nearly all his savings in the failure of the brokerage house of Grant & Ward in 1884, he became destitute. The saint appears in the dreams of a sleeping sailors and expresses the wish to see the Dutch immigrants settle and build a city on the island of Manna-hata (Manhattan). In 1875, Louis Prang, the father of the American Christmas card, printed a series of postcards with a Santa Claus in a red costume. Why were Thomas Nasts political cartoons so important? Saint Nicholas was popular in his lifetime, and had the reputation of being a miracle maker. What time do the fireworks start at drayton manor? While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Santa Claus distributes gifts to Union troops in Nasts first Santa Claus cartoon, (1863). In 1860 Nast traveled to Italy as a war correspondent for The Illustrated London News and New York Illustrated News. He is credited with one particular miracle: liberating the city of Nancy, capital of the Duchy of Lorraine, from its Burgundian assailants. The Atlanta-based company asked Haddon Sundblom, an illustrator of Swedish descent, to depict a paunchy, smiling Santa Claus, dressed in red, with ruddy cheeks and an elfish look. Why did Thomas Nast draw Santa Claus? Doing his first sketches as a teenager, he became a staff illustrator for Harpers Weekly, one of the most popular magazines of the day, in 1862. cartoonist Thomas Nast The best-known Thomas Nast image of Santa Claus, one that continues to adorn Christmas cards and ornaments, is his 1881 Merry Old Santa Claus. "His emblematic cartoons have never failed to arouse enthusiasm and patriotism, and have always seemed to come just when these . But even after the war ended, Nast continued to use Santa Claus to make certain pointed political statements. All Rights Reserved. Thomas Nast and Santa Claus. His image of Santa Claus was the inspiration for the Coca Cola companys modern Santa Claus. For the next 30 years Nast continued to draw Santa changing the color of his coat from tan to the red hes known for today. On a Christmas cover of, The origin of the red color of Santa Claus outfit is a mystery. if ( 'querySelector' in document && 'addEventListener' in window ) { He studied art at the National Academy of Design and at the age of 15 became a draftsman for Frank Leslies Illustrated Newspaper and at 18 for Harpers Weekly. From his pen came the Republican Partys elephant, Tammany Halls tiger, and one of the most popular images of Santa Claus. This image helped to cement the idea of Santa as a jolly, kind-hearted figure who brings joy to children on Christmas. His wife and children made cameo appearances, and their Morristown home often served as the backdrop. When a group of Dutch Calvinists fleeing religious persecution in the 17th century set sail for the New World, they carried the legends and exploits of Sinterklaas with them. by beeghleytech | Dec 17, 2022 | Blog | 0 comments. in Art History from Drew University, where she received the Stanley Prescott Hooper Memorial Prize in Art History. Above all, Coca-Colas red and white colors determined those of Santa Claus contemporary uniform. A strong supporter of the Republican party, African-American rights, and abolitionism, Nast vigorously attacked all that he found to be corrupt and immoral in 19th-century American politics. Conozca a la influyente autora y figura clave del Renacimiento de Harlem. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Thomas Nast Before the CocaCola Santa was even created, St Nick had appeared in numerous illustrations and written descriptions wearing a scarlet coat. Copyright 2023 Golden Peak Media. When Dutch settlers arrived in the American colonies, they brought their love of Sinterklaas, as they call him, with them. Thomas Nast, (born September 27, 1840, Landau, Bavarian Palatinate [now Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany]died December 7, 1902, Guayaquil, Ecuador), American cartoonist, best known for his attack on the political machine of William M. Tweed in New York City in the 1870s. Answer (1 of 9): Authors have historically depicted Santa Claus as fat which has influenced our modern conception of Santa Claus. | Thomas Nast, Wikimedia Commons // Public Domain. After 1854, the Society expanded its political control even further by earning the loyalty of the citys rapidly expanding immigrant community, which functioned as its base of political capital. The Basilica of Saint-Nicolas-de-Port, located about ten kilometers from Nancy, was dedicated to him in the 15th century. Thomas Nast, (born September 27, 1840, Landau, Bavarian Palatinate [now Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany]died December 7, 1902, Guayaquil, Ecuador), American cartoonist, best known for his attack on the political machine of William M. Tweed in New York City in the 1870s. When he was about 13-years-old he dropped out of regular school and next year he studied art with Theodore Kaufmann. What are the four main categories used to develop a narrative? The stone reads, "Negroe Killed, Seymour Ratification, KKK. The transition stemmed in part from new 19th-century attitudes about the centrality of family and home life and a view of childhood as a time of innocence and joy. It features a picture of Santa Claus with a bag on his back, walking past two children sleeping in bed. Her paintings remain popular in Sweden today, where they are reprinted every year. Who created the modern Santa Claus image? The first recorded incidence of Christmas being celebrated actually dates all the way back to the Roman Empire in 336, during the time of the Roman Emperor Constantine so technically the Romans invented it, although theres no specific person who is credited with having done so. Nast's view of the Democratic platform for the divisive presidential electionof 1868 places the Democratic candidate in partnership with the poor Irish of the North and loyal Confederates of the South (and its Lost Cause) to keep black men from gaining access to government. Both Frank Leslies and Harpers Weekly, where Nast later made his name, were illustrated weeklies. His most famous achievement was the resurrection of three young boys killed and placed in a salting tub by a butcher. Unsurprisingly, the drawings from the Civil War often fell solidly in the realm of propaganda; Nast staunchly supported abolition, civil rights and the Republicans. {if(f.fbq)return;n=f.fbq=function(){n.callMethod? His image, which included elements from the 1823 poem "A Visit From St. Nicholas" and the cartoonist's German . He was also the man who invented Santa Claus. Santa Claus speaking to a child on the telephone, based on a Thomas Nast illustration. Thomas Nast, Hello Santa Claus (from Harper's Weekly ), half of dual-sided woodcut print, 1881. Beginning in 1881, she had published postcards depicting Nordic elves that also followed the Saint Nicholas tradition. The stylistic representation of Santa that is so widely recognized in the U.S. today with a fluffy white beard, giant belt buckle and bright red cheeks was further molded by none other than the Coca-Cola Co. /* fbq('track', 'PageView'); */ His drawings appeared for the first time in Harpers Weekly on March 19, 1859, when he illustrated a report exposing police corruption; Nast was 18 years old at that point. The poem quickly became popular around the United States. ], "The story of Santa Claus began with St. Nicholas, or Sinter Klaus," Pam Robson explains in her book, "How I Celebrate." Alexandra enjoys reading, ballroom dancing, and figure skating. It was into this world that the talented artist Thomas Nast arrived in the 1850s. With limited education and little artistic training he joined the art staff of Frank Leslie's Illustrated as a teenager. Actually, the original Santa was rather slim, but cartoonists and commercial ads artists gave him a makeover. The Santa Claus we leave milk and cookies for on Christmas Eve is largely a 19th-century phenomenon. Abolitionist cartoonist Thomas Nast had a big role in manufacturing the US version of the Christmas patriarch. Before that, Santa had . fbq('init', '271837786641409'); He is considered the "Father of the American Cartoon." In 1886 Nast stopped working forHarpers Weeklyand faced hard times in the next 6 years. Like many Northerners, Nast supported President Lincoln, and he made his reputation by championing the Union's cause and the dignity of black people. STREAM LIVE GAMES, AND MORE * Watch NESN and NESN+ from any mobile device * Live-streaming coverage of every Red Sox and Bruins game * Access to Red Sox and Bruins postgame analysis & . Thomas Nast did not invent the American Christmas, but the German immigrant did develop the iconic image of its central celebratory figure, Santa Claus. Santa appears in the left center image on the leaf. September 2, 1876 Moore, Irving, and other American admirers together originated Santas image as a chubby, elf-like creature chauffeured by a team of reindeer pulling his sleigh on Christmas Eve. He immigrated to the United States as a young child. In 1862 he joined the staff of Harpers Weeklywhere he focused his efforts on political cartoons. More recent images, from Norman Rockwells Saturday Evening Post and Haddon Sundbloms illustrations for Coca-Cola to ubiquitous shopping mall Santas and Christmas ornaments, all trace their appearances in part back to Nasts vision. Sundblom drew on American illustrations and those of one of his compatriots, Jenny Nystrm (1854-1946). In addition to his first cartoon showing Santa visiting soldiers, a famous image from 1881 is sometimes credited as one of the most influential portraits of the magical man. Did Thomas Nast have a wife and children? login to share thoughts or upload a photo of your latest creation. "Merry Old Santa Claus" by Thomas Nast (1881). Nasts cartoons were among the first to portray Santa Claus as a plump, jolly old man with a white beard and a red suit, and his illustration of the Republican elephant and the Democratic donkey are still used today. Nasts style later evolved, and Santa Claus became less austere. By 1885 Nasts disagreements with the editors of Harpers Weekly were becoming increasingly frequent; his last Harpers cartoon appeared in 1886. Many of Nasts most effective cartoons, such as his Tammany Tiger Loose and Group of Vultures Waiting for the Storm to Blow Over (both 1871), were virulent attacks on New Yorks Tammany Hall political machine led by Boss Tweed. In 1902, he . In the 1920s, the company began to run magazine ads aimed at reminding people that Coca-Cola wasn't just a summer drink . In exchange, Sinterklaas promises to visit them every year on his airborne sleigh and slip down the chimneys of this newly founded city to deliver gifts to the children. Much earlier, the American cartoonist Thomas Nast fashioned Santa Clauss image on the pages of the American magazine, The character of Santa Claus is believed to descend from Bishop Nicholas of Myra, who lived in the 4, The cult of Saint Nicholas did not escape Europes religious upheavals. Thomas Nast was born September 27, 1840, in Landau Germany. [Got a question? According to Gen. Ulysses S. Grant (via the Smithsonian), Nast "did as much as any one man to preserve the Union and bring the war to an end." Santa Claus was just part of that. At the end of the 11th century, Saint Nicholass relics were transferred to Bari, in southern Italy. Thomas Nast, an editorial cartoonist in the 1800s, drew Santa Claus as a large person in an 1863 edition of Harper's Weekly. When Santa shows the soldiers a jack-in-the-box that seems to be hanging by a noose, the puppet has the face of Confederate President Jefferson Davis. She holds a B.A. He has been especially popular in Holland, even after much of the country dropped Catholicism for Protestantism. Despite his important role in shaping the modern image of Santa Claus, Nast was not the only artist to depict the figure during this time. What does coarsened facial features mean? Nast first drew Santa Claus for the 1862 Christmas season Harpers Weekly cover and center-fold illustration to memorialize the family sacrifices of the Union during the early and, for the north, darkest days of the Civil War. It is credited with being the first image to establish all the visual elements we associate with Americas version of Santa Claus we recognize today. In this drawing, Santa is shown sitting in his workshop, surrounded by toys and children. Nast arrived in New York as a boy of six. One of the most inspiring pictures was Christmas Eve, a double-circle picture that shows a soldiers wife praying for the safety of her husband and in the next circle appears soldier seated by a campfire, looking at photographs of his family. 1881 illustration by Thomas Nast who, along with Clement Clarke Moores poem A Visit from St. Nicholas, helped to create the modern image of Santa Claus His most famous drawing of Santa Claus appeared in the January 1, 1881 issue of Harpers Weekly. It was the 1930s, in the middle of the depression, and not a happy time for many people. Live Science is part of Future US Inc, an international media group and leading digital publisher. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Over the years, he portrayed Santa making toys, separating the naughty children from the nice, stealthily delivering presents, and more. The poem describes the Christmas Eve antics of St. Nicholas, the beloved fourth-century patron saint of children. Probably not, but he is the one remembered in history. The technical storage or access is necessary for the legitimate purpose of storing preferences that are not requested by the subscriber or user. By the end of the 18th century, at the time of the 1776 Revolution, Santa Claus became the symbol of American resistance against the British occupying forces! "He was a kind bishop who lived in Asia Minor in AD 300. 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A boy of six this world that the talented artist Thomas Nast, Santa! Cartoonists and commercial ads artists gave him a makeover middle of the 11th century, Nicholass! ( 1863 ) Illustrated weeklies international media group and leading digital why did thomas nast draw santa claus plump and smiling slim, cartoonists. Original works were painted in oil, and one of the Christmas Eve antics of St. Nicholas, the of... Were becoming increasingly frequent ; his emblematic cartoons have never failed to enthusiasm. The US version of the 11th century, Saint Nicholass relics were transferred to Bari, in southern Italy toy! Several years, he was also the man who invented Santa Claus to certain! Beloved fourth-century patron Saint of children what time do the fireworks start at drayton manor after the war,... In modern-day Turkey to develop a narrative the leaf 1931, Coca-Cola decided to broaden its market children! 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