[99] Several of the city's governors were members of the Bulgarian imperial family and held the title of sebastokrator, the second highest at the time, after the tsar. [26] Sofia hosts some 1.24million[2] residents within a territory of 492km2,[27] a concentration of 17.9% of the country population within the 200th percentile of the country territory. Other points of interest in the city include the Lion Bridge, the Eagle Bridge, the Russian Monument, and the monument to Vasil Levski (a Bulgarian revolutionary hero who gave his life in the struggle to free Bulgaria from the Ottomans in the 19th century). Popov, D. Thracians, Sofia, p.h. Two natural sciences museumsthe Natural History Museum and Earth and Mandisplay minerals, animal species (alive and taxidermic) and rare materials. [208], Higher education includes four of the five highest-ranking national universities Sofia University (SU), the Technical University of Sofia, New Bulgarian University and the Medical University of Sofia. Cyril and Methodius National Library, the foremost information repository in the country, holds some 1,800,000 books and more than 7,000,000 documents, manuscripts, maps and other items.[151]. Three mountain passes lead to the city, which have been key roads since antiquity, Vitosha being the watershed between Black and Aegean Seas. These key elements include assessing inmates risks and needs (classification), assigning inmates to housing, meeting inmates basic needs, setting and conveying behavioral expectations, supervising inmates, and keeping inmates productively occupied. [98], It was once again incorporated into the restored Bulgarian Empire in 1194 at the time of Emperor Ivan Asen I and became a major administrative and cultural centre. The families that consist of two people are 46.8%, another 34.2% of the families are made up by three people, whereas most of the households (36.5%) consist of only one person.[116]. Much of Bulgaria's educational capacity is concentrated in Sofia. This page was last edited on 18 January 2023, at 15:42. ERH - A security level for individuals who commit or lead others to commit violent, disruptive, predatory, riotous actions, or who otherwise pose a serious threat to the security of the institution as set forth in the established ERH criteria. In the rotundas immediate proximity, in the underpass leading to the Serdika metro station, is The Saint. Level 2 - A security level for individuals who are deemed in need of more supervision than Level 1, but less than Level 3. The Edict implicitly granted Christianity the status of "religio licita", a worship recognised and accepted by the Roman Empire. [100], In 1382/1383 or 1385, Sredets was seized by the Ottoman Empire in the course of the Bulgarian-Ottoman Wars by Lala ahin Pasha, following a three-month siege. [117] Later, many foreign-educated Bulgarian architects also contributed. The city has an extensive green belt. [216][217] All five of Bulgaria's supercomputers and supercomputing clusters are located in Sofia as well. From 1530 to 1836, Sofia was the regional capital of Rumelia Eyalet, the Ottoman Empire's key province in Europe. Overall, Sofia has 186km (116 miles) of railway lines. [77] Remains from another neolithic settlement around the National Art Gallery are traced to the 3rd4th millennium BC, which has been the traditional centre of the city ever since. Being in the centre of the Balkans, it is midway between the Black Sea and the Adriatic Sea, and closest to the Aegean Sea.[18][19]. The Parliament Building, Monument to the Liberator (in honor of the Russian Tsar Alexander II, who was instrumental in freeing Bulgaria from Ottoman rule), and the campus of Sofia University Saint Kliment Ohradski are three more of the citys major symbols. DOC also uses risk sub codes as "flags" to designate a special situation or condition for staff to monitor. In the churchs crypt, there is an exhibit of Orthodox Christian art. According to modern records, 39,551 dwellings were constructed until 1949, 119,943 between 1950 and 1969, 287,191 between 1970 and 1989, 57,916 in the 90s and 102,623 between 2000 and 2011. : +359 2 4918344 Tel. Sofia is Bulgaria's capital and its largest city. Other names given to Sofia, such as Serdonpolis ( , "City of the Serdi" in Greek) and Triaditza (, "Trinity" in Greek), were mentioned by Byzantine Greek sources or coins. The ratio of women per 1,000 men was 1,102. In 1879 there was a dispute about what the name of the new Bulgarian capital should be, when the citizens created a committee of famous people, insisting for the Slavic name. Historically, after World War II and the era of industrialisation under socialism, the city and its surrounding areas expanded rapidly and became the most heavily industrialised region of the country, with numerous factories producing steel, pig iron, machinery, industrial equipment, electronics, trams, chemicals, textiles, food. Sofia has an extensive district heating system that draws on four combined heat and power (CHP) plants and boiler stations. The infant mortality rate was 5.6 per 1,000, down from 18.9 in 1980. The fall of the strategic city prompted a major and ultimately disastrous invasion of Bulgaria by the Byzantine emperor Nikephoros I, which led to his demise at the hands of the Bulgarian army. [146] Over the past two decades, numerous independent cinemas have closed and most shows are in shopping centre multiplexes. Incarcerated individual behavior at Level 1 is expected to be rule compliant and pro-social and Level 1 individuals are eligible for admission to Reintegration Units. From 1018-1094, Sredets was under Byzantine rule, but remained an important strategic, economic, and cultural center. Over 99.6% of males and females aged over 9 are recorded as literate. FAQs| OFFENDER SEARCH |CONTACT | MEDIA, 4545 Fisher Road, Suite D, Columbus, OH 43228, History of assaultive, violent, or disruptive behavior, Type of sentencing and release eligibility, Previous adjustment at less restrictive security levels, Security Classificationfor Incarcerated Persons Levels1-4 (53-CLS-01), Outside Worker Approval Process(53-CLS-03), Incarcerated Individual Separations(53-CLS-05), Interstate Corrections Compact(53-CLS-07), Construction, Activation, Maintenance and Sustainability, Incarcerated Individual Security Classification Level 4 and Protective Control (PC) at OSP (53-CLS-06), Incarcerated IndividualRequested Inter-Institution Transfers, Classification/Release of Protective Control (PC) Incarcerated Persons (53-CLS-11). It was the capital of the important Sanjak of Sofia as well, including the whole of Thrace with Plovdiv and Edirne, and part of Macedonia with Thessaloniki and Skopje. There are many more capitals in the city, such as the Polytechnical Museum, the Museum of Anthropology, and the Sports Museum. The Sofia Tourist Information Center offers information about points of interest, services, and accommodations. The Vitosha Nature Park (the oldest national park in the Balkans)[118] includes most of Vitosha mountain and covers an area of 266 square kilometres (103sqmi),[119] with roughly half of it lying within the municipality of Sofia. The Thracians, Iztok Zapad, Sofia, 2011. By clicking Allow All, you agree to the storing of cookies on your device to enhance site navigation. The heat distribution piping network is 900km (559mi) long and comprises 14,000 substations and 10,000 heated buildings. There are different boulevards and streets in the city with a higher amount of traffic than others. If they choose to engage in disruptive or violent behavior, they may move up the tier system to higher security levels, but there is always a sense of hope they can return to a previous status. [49][50] The hottest recorded month was July 2012 with an average temperature of 25C (77F). [96] In the second half of 10th century the city was ruled by Komit Nikola and his sons, known as the "Komitopuli". The citys flourished for a second time under Justinian the Great (reign 527-565). For more information about the park, please contact the Vitosha Nature Preservation Information Center, located roughly 1 km from the Dragolevtsi Quarter, close to the Dragolevtsi Monastery. This guide to OJC is intended for both jail administrators and other officials involved in local criminal justice system issues. The Iskar flows north toward the Balkan Mountains, passing between the eastern city suburbs, next to the main building and below the runways of Sofia Airport, and flows out of the Sofia Valley at the town of Novi Iskar, where the scenic Iskar Gorge begins.[42]. Amongst others, the population consisted of Muslims, Bulgarian and Greek speaking Orthodox Christians, Armenians, Georgians, Catholic Ragusans, Jews (Romaniote, Ashkenazi and Sephardi), and Romani people. There are ten spa centers within the capitals city limits offering peace and relaxation, along with therapeutic and beauty treatments. [182] Supported by the city's R&D expertise, Sofia is shifting to high value-added manufacturing including electrical equipment, precision mechanics, pharmaceuticals. [182] Manufacturing companies include Woodward, Inc., producing airframe and industrial turbomachinery systems,[183] Festo, producing microsensors,[184] Visteon, development and engineering of instrument clusters, LCD displays and domain controllers,[185] Melexis, producing micro-electronic semiconductor solutions in the automotive sector,[186] Sopharma, producing pharmaceuticals, the largest Lufthansa Technik maintenance facilities outside Germany etc.[187]. These are among the most sought-after secondary schools, along with Vladislav the Grammarian 73rd Secondary School and the High School of Mathematics, which topped the 2018 preference list for high school candidates. When Emperor Diocletian divided the province of Dacia into Dacia Ripensis (on the banks of the Danube) and Dacia Mediterranea, Serdica became the capital of the latter. Roman emperors Aurelian (215275)[90] and Galerius (260311)[91] were born in Serdica. Virtually the entire city (900,000 households and 5,900 companies) is centrally heated, using residual heat from electricity generation (3,000 MW) and gas- and oil-fired heating furnaces; total heat capacity is 4,640 MW. In summer, the city generally remains slightly cooler than other parts of Bulgaria, due to its higher altitude. At the beginning of the 9th century, the Bulgarian Han Krum (reign 803-814) invaded Serdika. [127], Sofia is the seat of the executive (Council of Ministers), legislative (National Assembly) and judiciary (Supreme Court and Constitutional Court) bodies of Bulgaria, as well as all government agencies, ministries, the National Bank, and the delegation of the European Commission. The Sports Museum religio licita '', a worship recognised and accepted by the Roman Empire capital of Eyalet... Aurelian ( 215275 ) [ 91 ] were born in Serdica and cultural.. 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